AWS Global Infrastructure

A Global Application is an application deployed in multiple geographies. On AWS this could be Regions and / or Edge Locations.

• Decreased Latency
• Disaster Recovery
• (DOS / DDoS) Attack protection (distributed global infrastructure is harder to attack)

More: https://aws.amazon.com/about-aws/global-infrastructure/

• Route53
• CloudFront (Global CDN)
• S3 Transfer Acceleration
• AWS Global Accelerator

Route53 #

Route53 is managed DNS.

Route53 Routing Policies #

• Simple Routing Policy - No health checks, just DNS check
• Weighted Routing Policy - Specify what amount of traffic goes where (i.e. 70% = Server1, 20% = Server2, 10% = Server3. Simple form of Load Balancing)
• Latency Routing Policy - Based on latency - minimizing the latency between user and the server sending the traffic that is geographically (latency-based) closer to the user
• Failover Routing Policy - Disaster Recovery (DR) - based on Health Checks
• Geolocation Routing Policy - Routing based specifically on Geolocation
• IP-based Routing Policy - Route the traffic based on the IP address originates from

More on Routing Policies: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/Route53/latest/DeveloperGuide/routing-policy.html

Registering a domain #

# Register a Domain
Route 53 > Registered Domains > Register Domain > CHOOSEADOMAIN.COM

# Hosted zones
Route 53 > Hosted zones > select "CHOOSEADOMAIN.COM" > Update the DNS records with the right EC2 instances, select an adequate Routing Policy

More about Registering and managing domains: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/Route53/latest/DeveloperGuide/registrar.html

More about Route 53: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/route53/

Amazon CloudFront #

• Content Delivery Network (CDN)
• Improves read performance, content cached at the edge
• Improves users experience
• Many Points of Presence globally (Edge Locations, Edge Caches)
• DDoS protection (because it’s distributed globally)
• Integrated with Shield and AWS WAF (Web Application Firewall)

CloudFront - Origins #

• S3 Bucket
  • For distributing files and caching them at the edge
  • For uploading files to S3 through CloudFront
  • Secured using Origin Access Control (OAC)
• VPC Origin
  • For applications hosted in VPC private subnets
  • Application Load Balancer / Network Load Balancer / EC2 Instances
• Custom Origin (HTTP)
  • S3 website (must first enable the bucket as a static S3 website)
  • Any public HTTP backend

CloudFront vs S3 Cross Region Replication #

CloudFront #

• Global Edge Network
• Files are cached for a TTL (day?)
• Use case: static content that must be available everywhere

S3 Cross Region Replication #

• Must be setup for each region you want your replication to happen
• Files are updated in near real-time
• Read-only
• Use case: dynamic content that needs to be available at low-latency in few regions only

S3 Transfer Acceleration #

Increase transfer speed by transferring files to an AWS edge location which will forward the data to the S3 bucket in the target region.

AWS Global Accelerator #

AWS Global Accelerator is used to improve global application availability and performance using the AWS global network.

Leverage the AWS internal network to optimize the route to your application (60% improvement).

More about AWS Global Accelerator:

• https://aws.amazon.com/global-accelerator/
• https://docs.aws.amazon.com/global-accelerator/latest/dg/what-is-global-accelerator.html
• https://speedtest.globalaccelerator.aws

AWS Global Accelerator vs CloudFront #

• They both use AWS global network and it’s edge locations
• Both services integrate with AWS Shield for DDoS protection
• CloudFront - Content Delivery Network
  • Improves performance for cacheable content (images, videos, etc.)
  • Content is served at the edge
• Global Accelerator
  • No caching, proxying packets at the edge to applications running in one or more AWS regions
  • Improves performance for a wide range of applications running in one or more AWS regions
  • Improves performance for a wide range of applications over TCP or UDP
  • Good for HTTP use cases that require static IP addresses
  • Good for HTTP use cases that require deterministic, fast, regional failover

AWS Outposts #

AWS Outposts = Hybrid Cloud appliances. #

Outposts are “server racks” that offer the same AWS infrastructure, services, API’s & tools to build your own applications on-premises just as in the cloud.

AWS will setup and manage Outposts racks within your on-premises infrastructure. #

Benefits

• Low latency access to on-premises system
• Local data processing
• Data residency
• Easier migration from on-premises to the cloud
• Fully managed service
• Some example services that work on Outposts:
  • EC2
  • EBS
  • S3
  • EKS
  • ECS
  • RDS
  • EMR

Wavelength #

Wavelength Zones are infrastructure deployments embedded within the telecommunication providers datacenters at the edge of the 5G networks.

• Ultra low latency applications through 5G networks
• Traffic doesn’t leave the Communication Service Provider’s (CSP) network
• High bandwidth and secure connection to the parent AWS Region
• No additional charges or service agreements
• Use cases:
  • Smart Cities
  • ML-assisted (Machine Learning) diagnostics
  • Connected Vehicles
  • Interactive Live Video Streams
  • AR / VR
  • Real-time gaming

AWS Local Zones #

AWS Local Zones allow placing compute, storage, database and other selected AWS services closer to the users to run latency-sensitive applications.

It is an “Extension of AWS Region”.

Example: #

• AWS Region: N. Virginia (us-east-1)
  • AWS Local Zones: Boston, Chicago, Dallas, Houston, Miami, …

Compatible with: #

• EC2
• RDS
• ECS
• EBS
• ElastiCache
• Direct Connect
• More…

More about AWS Local Zones: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/local-zones/latest/ug/what-is-aws-local-zones.html

Summary #

Route 53 - Global DNS

• Great to route users to the closest deployment with least latency
• Great for Disaster Recovery - DR - Strategies

CloudFront - Global CDN - Content Delivery Network

• Replicate part of your application to AWS Edge Locations - decreased latency
• Cache common requests - improved user experience and decreased latency

S3 Transfer Acceleration

• Accelerate global uploads & downloads into Amazon S3

AWS Global Accelerator

• Improve global application availability and performance using the AWS global network

AWS Outposts

• Deploy Outposts racks in an on-premises datacenter to extend some AWS services and for easier migration

AWS Wavelength

• Brings AWS services to the edge of the 5G networks
• Ultra-low latency applications

AWS Local Zones

• Bring AWS resources (compute, database, storage, …) closer to your users
• Good for latency-sensitive applications

» Sources « #

Global Infrastructure: https://aws.amazon.com/about-aws/global-infrastructure/

Route 53 #

Route 53: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/route53/ Route 53 Routing Policies: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/Route53/latest/DeveloperGuide/routing-policy.html Registering and managing domains: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/Route53/latest/DeveloperGuide/registrar.html

CloudFront #

CloudFront: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/cloudfront/

AWS Global Accelerator #

https://aws.amazon.com/global-accelerator/ https://docs.aws.amazon.com/global-accelerator/latest/dg/what-is-global-accelerator.html https://speedtest.globalaccelerator.aws

AWS Local Zones #

https://docs.aws.amazon.com/local-zones/latest/ug/what-is-aws-local-zones.html

» References « #

• S3
• Security and Compliance

» Disclaimer « #